The cause of the disease remains so far an intractable problem for modern medicine. Current scientific evidence suggests that it is a disorder of the immune system, the body's defense mechanism in people with a genetic predisposition. Due to this dysfunction, some areas of the nervous system are recognized as foreign and thus the process of destroying them starts with the production of the inflammatory response. This destruction occurs on the nerve insulator, myelin, and depending on its location leads to the corresponding symptoms.

• Diplopia or blurred vision caused by optic nerve inflammation (optic neuritis).
• Movement disorder with muscle weakness or spasticity of one or more extremities.
• Sensation disorder with the appearance of numbness of one or more extremities.
• Balance disorder, speech disorder, etc.

MS is not considered a hereditary disease, it does not follow the classical biological rules of Mendelian inheritance. However, studies have often found family predisposition for the onset of the disease. In particular, the risk of MS disease in the general population, although both parents are healthy, is about 0.1%, and this risk is increased to 3% if one parent already suffers from MS.

For the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis there are clinical and laboratory criteria that require detailed neurological examination as well as use of imaging and other specialized examinations. Early diagnosis of the condition allows for preventive treatment, resulting in slowing down or inhibiting the worsening of the disease.

The causal treatment of MS has unfortunately not been discovered to date. Modern therapy aims to inhibit the progression of the disease.

 

The treatment is to prevent outbreaks of the disease, using immunomodulators and targeted symptomatic treatment to improve the quality of life of patients. Nowadays, several immunomodulatory drugs are already available to treat the disease, with significant efficacy and safety.

 

Healing options include intensive physiotherapy, speech therapy and ergotherapy as well as the use of approved drugs to improve the quality of life of the patient. Therefore, it is very important that the neurologist is able to use their expertise at the right time and in the best possible way. This also contributes to the patient's ability to respond to the needs of the suggested treatment, which, although personalized, is not always easy.